C1 ADVANCED · READING · LESSON 7

A Discovery Takes Shape

Follow how an observation becomes a question, how evidence changes an explanation, and how a finding leads to a new decision. In Part 7, the missing paragraph must belong to that development.

1. Read a paragraph as a move

A paragraph contributes more than a topic. It may introduce a puzzle, propose an explanation, describe a test, interpret a result, expose a limitation or evaluate an application. Ask: What has changed by the end of this paragraph?

In a discovery narrative, a possible route is observation → competing explanations → comparison → interpretation → independent check → revised claim. A real text may revisit a stage. Use this pattern as a question to ask, not a fixed order to impose.

2. Read the question the gap must answer

The paragraph before a gap may leave a problem unresolved. The paragraph after it may report what a comparison showed. The missing paragraph often supplies the action linking those two states of knowledge.

Before: “A different instrument or a longer waiting time could explain the contrast.”
After: “The contrast remained when the waiting times were matched.”

The bridge needs a comparison with matched waiting times. A paragraph about buying a new instrument might share the topic, but it would not introduce the test that the following result interprets.

3. Test both boundaries

  1. Look back: What question, event or explanation has already been introduced? Does the candidate respond to it?
  2. Read the candidate: What new action, finding or distinction does it add?
  3. Look forward: Does the next paragraph have the evidence, object or decision it assumes?

A candidate must satisfy both boundaries. Reject it if it fits the preceding paragraph but leaves the following result unexplained, repeats a completed test or answers a question that has not yet been raised.

4. Track the state of knowledge

  • Observation is not explanation: noticing a pattern does not identify its cause.
  • Test design is not result: a plan must precede the findings attributed to that plan.
  • Repeatability is not universality: an independent result may strengthen a claim without extending it to every setting.
  • Finding is not application: an effect can be measurable without being useful or safe in a proposed role.

Notice what the writer can reasonably say at each stage. A later paragraph must not depend on knowledge that the candidate has failed to establish.

5. Solve the whole text

Part 7 has six missing paragraphs and seven candidate paragraphs, including one extra. Read the retained text first to understand its direction. Then read all candidates, form provisional matches and check each match with its neighbours. Use each candidate at most once.

A repeated word is a clue to investigate, not proof of a match. An unused paragraph may describe a plausible test but report an outcome incompatible with the next paragraph. After filling the gaps, reread the complete sequence: each result should have a procedure, and each interpretation should have supporting evidence.

Do not choose the extra paragraph first just because it seems unfamiliar. Establish the six positive fits, then check why the remaining candidate cannot satisfy a gap.

Cambridge English Part 7 format reference. The reading texts in this lesson are original fictional research narratives; no specialist knowledge is required.

Your practice route

Exercises 1: trace the development of a complete narrative (8 questions). Exercises 2: supply a missing paragraph in six short extracts (6 questions). Exercises 3: restore six paragraphs in one Part 7-style text (6 questions).

Choose all answers in a block before selecting Check answers. The feedback shows exact evidence and explains every alternative. Try again resets only that block and shuffles the answer cards. In Exercises 3, the paragraph letters identify fixed texts; they do not change when the cards move.

Exercises:
C1 ADVANCED · READING · EXERCISES 1

A Discovery Takes Shape

Trace the development

Read the complete narrative and choose the best account of how each paragraph develops the text. Complete all 8 questions before selecting Check answers.

You can refer to the text throughout. Click any part of an answer card.

The mark that redirected the work

A fictional research narrative.

Paragraph P1During a routine test of a removable coating, Lena Hart noticed that one glass square retained a pale mark after the others had cleared. Her immediate task was to record how easily the coating washed away, not to develop something that left a trace. She photographed the awkward square before cleaning the bench. At that point it was an unexplained difference, not evidence of a useful invention.

Paragraph P2Her colleague suspected a scratch on the glass. Hart inspected the surface and repeated the procedure on new squares, using the same coating mixture. The mark returned on some of them. A damaged original square could no longer explain the recurrence. This did not identify the cause, but it made a comparison worth pursuing: what had happened to the marked squares that had not happened to the others?

Paragraph P3The answer was initially disappointing. Notes showed that the marked squares had spent longer drying before they were washed. Hart repeated the work with equal drying times, expecting the difference to disappear entirely. Instead, every square now retained a faint trace. A mistake in preparation had led her to a question the original cleaning test could not answer: how did the coating change while it waited?

Paragraph P4She stopped recording a simple pass or fail. Photographs taken at fixed intervals allowed her to compare how gradually the trace faded, and identical uncoated squares provided a reference. The revised procedure produced a sequence of measurements where there had previously been a verdict. It also meant that a square which counted as a failure in the cleaning test could supply useful evidence in the new investigation.

Paragraph P5To find out whether the sequence depended on her own handling, Hart sent the written procedure to a team in another building. They used their own glass and camera, and received no photographs of her expected result until they had submitted theirs. Their traces faded in a similar order. The second team's work strengthened the finding by showing that it was not confined to her bench.

Paragraph P6That agreement encouraged a wider test, but the extension exposed a boundary. On rough plastic, the coating broke into patches and the fading sequence was irregular. Hart reported a repeatable change on smooth glass, not a property of every surface. The unsuccessful extension did not erase the glass result; it showed where an apparently general account needed to become more specific.

Paragraph P7A designer then asked whether the fading mark could indicate how long an object had been left untouched. This would give the observation a use beyond the laboratory, but it introduced requirements the earlier work had not addressed. Hart tested whether people could distinguish the stages under ordinary room lighting. Several stages looked identical to them, although her camera could measure a difference. A detectable change was not yet a readable signal.

Paragraph P8The team did not launch a product. They kept the measurements, revised the proposed display and returned to testing. Looking back, Hart credited neither a sudden insight nor the original mishap alone. The discovery took shape through changes in what the team asked, measured and claimed. The square that had inconvenienced a cleaning test mattered because someone preserved the observation and allowed it to redirect the work.

C1 ADVANCED · READING · EXERCISES 2

A Discovery Takes Shape

Build the missing bridge

For each of the six short extracts, choose the paragraph that fits between the text before and after the gap. The extracts are independent. Complete all 6 questions before selecting Check answers.

You can refer to the text throughout. Click any part of an answer card.

C1 ADVANCED · READING · EXERCISES 3

A Discovery Takes Shape

Part 7-style practice

Six paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose from paragraphs A–G the one which fits each gap (1–6). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Use each paragraph at most once. Complete all 6 questions before selecting Check answers. Suggested practice time: 15 minutes.

You can refer to the text throughout. Click any part of an answer card.

The cabinet with a different rhythm

A fictional research narrative.

Retained paragraph R1Nora Vale was checking colour-changing humidity strips in a museum store when one seemed to lag behind the room meter. The strip sat inside a shallow wooden display case; strips lying on the bench had already changed back. She recorded the delay as a possible fault. The case had held the same strip for several months.

Gap 1 · Choose a paragraph in question 1 below.

Retained paragraph R2New strips delayed in the case too, whichever batch they came from. Age and manufacturing variation were no longer convincing explanations. Two features still seemed relevant: the strip received less light inside the frame, and the closed front restricted movement of air. Vale needed a comparison that would separate those possibilities, rather than another observation in which both features stayed together.

Gap 2 · Choose a paragraph in question 2 below.

Retained paragraph R3Opening the front, not increasing the light, removed the delay. Vale now suspected that the enclosure held air whose humidity changed more slowly than the room's. Yet the wooden rim might also be releasing moisture. The two accounts made different predictions: if the material mattered, an otherwise comparable case made from something else should behave differently. She built a small set to investigate.

Gap 3 · Choose a paragraph in question 3 below.

Retained paragraph R4The shared pattern across materials shifted attention from a special property of timber to the construction of the enclosure. Vale could repeat it locally, but its timing might depend on the store or her interpretation of the colours. She asked a laboratory elsewhere to follow her construction drawings, without sending the curves she hoped they would obtain.

Gap 4 · Choose a paragraph in question 4 below.

Retained paragraph R5The independent records showed the same broad delay, with an important variation. The deepest cases retained it longer, whereas shallow ones sometimes matched the exposed strips. The original case could not represent every enclosure. Before proposing an explanation, Vale needed to find out whether depth itself mattered or merely accompanied another difference in the outside team's equipment.

Gap 5 · Choose a paragraph in question 5 below.

Retained paragraph R6Her revised account therefore connected the delay to depth and restricted airflow under the tested conditions. It explained why an indicator inside a case might not match a meter outside it. A conservator suggested that the lag could be useful: perhaps an enclosure could protect an object from a brief change in room humidity. That possibility required a different test from simply measuring a delay.

Gap 6 · Choose a paragraph in question 6 below.

Retained paragraph R7The museum therefore used the work to revise monitoring instructions rather than advertise a protective design. The outside meter could miss a condition persisting inside a case. Vale's paper described both the observed delay and its limits. An apparent faulty strip had become a reason to ask a better question, but discovering a difference was not the same as proving that the difference was beneficial.

Paragraphs A–G

Paragraph A

The outside team built the cases with locally available components and recorded strip changes automatically. They submitted their time-stamped images before seeing her measurements. The delayed response appeared in their room as well. Vale was pleased by the agreement, but the records were not identical: enclosures with different dimensions produced noticeably different waiting periods, a detail that the first trial had concealed.

Paragraph B

She placed closed cases in bright and shaded positions while keeping their surroundings otherwise alike. Altering illumination made little difference to the delay. In a further comparison, she kept the light steady and opened some fronts. Those indicators changed much sooner. The contrast did not yet explain the process, but it identified which of the two features deserved further investigation.

Paragraph C

She exposed enclosed and open strips to a short humid spell followed by drier air. Some enclosures softened the first change but prolonged the damp conditions afterwards. A delay could postpone recovery as well as soften a disturbance. The results justified measuring conditions inside the cases; they did not establish that the cases would provide a net benefit to a stored object.

Paragraph D

Before discarding it, she placed fresh indicators from several batches inside the original case and matching ones beside it. If the old strip was responsible, replacing it should remove the difference. The paired observations offered a way of checking that explanation without changing the enclosure at the same time. She arranged to photograph all the indicators throughout the next room-humidity cycle.

Paragraph E

Back at the museum, she varied that dimension in a series of cases while holding the material, opening size and measuring equipment constant. The deeper versions again changed more slowly. This supported a role for the amount of space enclosed, although it did not establish behaviour under every possible room condition. She could now state a narrower relationship than the original comparison had allowed.

Paragraph F

The replacement frames had the same internal space and closing arrangement but used different materials. Each delayed the strip when closed. Enlarging the openings reduced that delay across the set. Whatever role a particular frame might play, special timber was not needed to produce the pattern. The common enclosure offered a more promising starting point for the explanation than the original wood alone.

Paragraph G

Comparing frames made from different timber yielded a clear contrast: those made from oak retained the lag, while the pine and birch versions followed the room meter. She attributed the difference to a feature of oak rather than the amount of space inside a frame. The case would now be investigated as an example of that material's distinctive behaviour, not a pattern shared across constructions.