Before You Publish: Fact or Assumption?

LISTENING • B2 PRE-ADVANCED • INFERENCE

Listening for inference

Choose the best answer. What do Nora and Malik really mean?

🔄 Changing your mind 🧠 Inference 🎧 B2 listening

1. Why is Nora initially cautious about changing one’s mind?

2. What caused Nora to reconsider the remote-first policy?

3. What does Malik suggest happens when a belief becomes part of someone’s identity?

4. Why does Malik recommend asking what would change your mind?

5. What is the main conclusion of the debate?

Before You Publish: Fact or Assumption?

LISTENING • B2 PRE-ADVANCED • FILL THE GAPS

The Skill of Changing Your Mind

Type the missing exact words. Empty answers are ignored.

🔄 Changing your mind ✍️ Exact words ✅ Check only filled

1. Nora says changing your mind too often can make you ___.

2. Nora agrees that people should respond to ___.

3. Changing the remote-work policy carried a ___.

4. Malik says a belief can become connected to a ___.

5. Nora realises that part of her was ___.

6. Malik recommends asking ___.

7. The amount of change should depend on the ___.

8. New evidence led Nora to a ___ about the method.

9. Malik compares changing your mind to ___.

10. Responsible revision can be a form of ___.

Before You Publish: Fact or Assumption?

LISTENING • B2 PRE-ADVANCED • TIMELINE

The Skill of Changing Your Mind

Put the ideas in order from 1 to 10. Empty items are ignored.

🔄 Changing your mind 🧭 Sequence 🧠 Critical thinking

The speakers distinguish careless inconsistency from responsible revision based on clear standards.

Malik argues that refusing to update a view may be stubbornness rather than strength.

They explain how to communicate a revised position clearly without pretending the original view was foolish.

Junior employees describe problems with learning, relationships, and asking for help remotely.

Nora says frequent changes can make a person appear unreliable.

Malik recommends deciding in advance what kind of evidence would justify changing a belief.

They conclude that evidence-based revision can be a form of intellectual courage.

Nora recognises that she focused on productivity data that supported her original position.

Nora describes strongly supporting a remote-first policy for her department.

Nora publicly changes the policy and introduces two shared office days each week.

Before You Publish: Fact or Assumption?

Audio 29: The Update That Needed Checking Урок курса: 33. Формат: диалог. Слов: 529. Mina: Before I publish this update, can we check the headline? It says the conflict has ended, but the statement I received only mentions a temporary ceasefire. Joel: You are right. A ceasefire means fighting has been suspended under an agreement. It is not the same as a peace treaty. The headline should not promise more than the information supports. Mina: The draft also says humanitarian aid has reached everyone in the affected area. Do we actually know that? Joel: No. Having checked the delivery records, our team can confirm that supplies reached three distribution centres. We cannot yet confirm how many households received them. Some roads remain closed, and information from the smaller settlements is incomplete. Mina: Then we should state what was delivered and where, rather than use the word everyone. Joel: Agreed. The difference may seem small in a short news item, but it matters to people still waiting for help. Mina: There is a quotation from a local volunteer saying that families have started returning home. Can we include it? Joel: Yes, if it is attributed clearly. We should not turn one person’s observation into a claim about the entire region. Some families have returned; others are staying elsewhere because they do not yet feel able to go back. Mina: What about the photograph? The caption calls the people in it refugees, but I cannot establish whether they crossed an international border. Joel: Then do not guess. For this report, we can describe them as families displaced by the fighting. If their legal situation becomes relevant, it needs to be checked with an appropriate source. Mina: I have also seen different figures for civilian casualties. One media outlet gives an exact total, while another says the number is still being assessed. Joel: We should explain the source and the uncertainty. An exact-looking number is not automatically a confirmed number. Having received conflicting estimates, the editor has asked us to avoid presenting a single total as settled fact. Mina: That makes the update sound less definite. Some readers may think we are being vague. Joel: We can be precise about what we do know. We know which organisation issued the statement, what period the ceasefire covers, and which deliveries were recorded. We should also be precise about what has not been verified. Mina: The final paragraph mentions peace negotiations and a possible peacekeeping mission. Those are separate developments, correct? Joel: Correct. Negotiations are talks intended to reach an agreement. A peacekeeping mission is an operation with a particular role and mandate. Mentioning one does not mean the other has already been approved. Mina: I will revise the headline, attribute the volunteer’s quotation, and separate confirmed deliveries from unconfirmed reports. The aid request can remain at the end, with the organisation’s official contact details. Joel: Good. We should also record when the update was checked, because the situation may change after publication. Mina: I came into journalism thinking that a strong report always gave readers a clear answer. Now I think it sometimes gives them a clear boundary between an answer and an unanswered question. Joel: Especially during a humanitarian crisis. Careful language does not make suffering less important. It helps us describe it responsibly, without turning uncertainty into a story that sounds complete but is not.